• Understanding of Air Clearance, insulation coordination, dielectric strength, and arc quenching
• Knowledge of SF₆ gas properties and handling procedures
• Knowledge of insulation coordination and clearances
• Understanding of fault levels, short-circuit ratings, and arc flash protection
• Selection and sizing of primary equipment (transformers, breakers, isolators)

• 3D modeling and spatial planning for compact GIS bays and open air layout for AIS bays
• Busbar configurations, bay arrangements, and earthing systems
• Integration with AIS or hybrid substations
• Outdoor layout planning with adequate safety and maintenance access
• Busbar configurations (single, double, ring, breaker-and-a-half)
• Earthing system design and lightning protection

• AIS/GIS switchgear (circuit breakers, disconnectors, earthing switches)
• Instrument transformers (CTs, PTs)
• Surge arresters and cable terminations
• Circuit breakers (SF₆, vacuum, oil)
• Disconnectors and earthing switches
• Instrument transformers (CTs, PTs)
• Surge arresters and power transformers

• Protection relays and schemes (distance, differential, overcurrent)
• Substation Automation Systems (SAS) and IEC 61850 protocols
• SCADA integration and remote monitoring
• Protection relays and schemes (differential, distance, overcurrent)
• Control & Relay Panels (CRPs)
• Substation Automation Systems (SAS) and SCADA integration
• Communication protocols (IEC 61850, Modbus, DNP3)

• Switchyard foundations
• GIS building design (EMC shielding, HVAC, fire protection)
• Cable trenches, fencing, drainage, and seismic considerations
• Foundation design for heavy equipment
• Control room and equipment shelter construction

• SF₆ gas handling and recovery per environmental norms
• Arc flash studies and personnel safety systems
• Compliance with IEC, IEEE, and local grid codes
• Adherence to grid codes and utility standards
• Arc flash studies and personnel safety systems
• Environmental impact assessments and mitigation

• High-voltage testing (HiPot, partial discharge, insulation resistance, contact resistance, breaker timing)
• Functional testing of control and protection systems
• SF₆ gas leakage detection and gas quality analysis
• Relay testing and logic verification
• Functional testing of control and protection systems

• Interface management with utilities, OEMs, and civil contractors
• Scheduling, risk management, and quality assurance
• Interface coordination with utilities and contractors
• Scheduling, procurement, and quality control
• As-built documentation and O&M manuals
• CEIG Approvals co-ordination